Tinto’s explanatory model of the dropout of doctorate students in a Malaysian Public University

The term ‘university dropout’ is widely used to describe the circumstances where students
withdraw from their university studies before completion. The purpose of this qualitative study is to
discover the factors and experiences that prompt students from the PhD by Research Programmes to end
their scholarly journey. A priori factors in the Tinto Model was utilised to investigate the participants’
academic and social integration at university, their achievement potential, study motivation and study
condition. Semi-structured interview was employed in this study. Purposive sampling was carried out on a
group of eight PhD by Research Program dropouts from a public university in Selangor. Constant
comparative method was used to identify the recurring themes and concepts after the qualitative data had
been collected. The findings indicated that the participants faced problems with their supervisors that
affected their motivation to continue with their PhD study. Personal problems related to finance and health
issues further dampened their motivation. Additional issue was lack of support mechanism for the
postgraduate students. Furthermore, low study motivation and study conditions added to their determination
to quit. These findings can help public universities in Malaysia to develop some relevant policies to address
the postgraduate student dropout issues in Malaysia. Hopefully, university authorities could address the
critical issues faced by the postgraduate students to overcome the phenomenon of university dropout.